People

Indigenous Resistance in the Old Northwest refers to the organized efforts of Native American nations to resist American expansion and preserve their lands in the region north of the Ohio River, culminating in alliances with Britain during the War of 1812. This resistance, led by figures like Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, significantly influenced the war’s course and led to profound consequences for Indigenous peoples.

The Red Sticks were a traditionalist faction of Upper Creek Indians who resisted American expansion and assimilation in the early 1810s, sparking the Creek War (1813–1814) within the larger War of 1812.